Zusammenfassung
Biologisch ist die Reifung des Endometriums in jedem Zyklus darauf gerichtet, einer
Blastozyste günstige Bedingungen für die Implantation zu bieten. Infertilität und
frühes Ende einer Schwangerschaft beruhen nicht selten auf einer unvollkommenen Reifung
des Endometriums. Bereits eine mangelhafte Rezeptivität des Endometriums führt zum
Scheitern der Implantation. Um die endometriale Ursache einer Infertilität zu erkennen,
werden die normalen zyklischen Veränderungen des Endometriums studiert. Morphologische
VerÌnderungen bilden bis heute in diesem Bemühen der Gynäkologen noch die Grundlage
der klassischen histologischen Diagnostik nach Noyes et al. Da jedoch evident ist,
dass molekulare Defizite des Endometriums sich nicht unmittelbar histologisch erfassen
lassen, werden neue Methoden und signifikante Parameter gesucht, die diese Art funktioneller
Defekte diagnostisch erfassen lassen. Histochemische Lokalisierungen von
definierten Proteinen, von Adhäsionsmolekülen und Zytokinen, erlauben bereits eine
detailliertere und aussagekräftigere molekulare Analyse, als es die klassische Morphologie
ermöglicht. Überzeugende Argumente sprechen inzwischen dafür, mit einfachen biochemischen
Analysen die Proteine des Uterussekrets als weitergehende signifikante Parameter zu
nutzen. Die elektrophoretische Auftrennung des Uterussekrets ergibt typische Proteinmuster,
welche die zyklischen Funktionsphasen des Endometriums darstellen. Das adäquate Proteinmuster
der Lutealphase ist als das Produkt eines rezeptiven Endometriums zu betrachten und
repräsentiert das für diese molekulare Analytik charakteristische „Implantationsfenster”.
Es wird bereits 2 Tage post ovulationem exprimiert und bei ungestörtem Zyklusverlauf acht Tage aufrechterhalten (15. bis
24. Zyklustag).
The receptive luteal phase of the endometrium. Current aspects of molecular and cell
biological research
Summary
The biological aim of the differentiation and maturation of endometrial tissue compartments
during any menstrual cycle is the achievement of suitable conditions for blastocyst
implantation and the establishment of pregnancy. Infertility and early embryonic loss
are frequently caused by insufficient endometrial differentiation. Even any incomplete
receptivity stage of the luteal phase endometrium will prevent attachment and implantation.
We have studied the physiological changes throughout an endometrial cycle to elucidate
causes of endometrial insifficiencies leading to subfertility or infertility. Up to
now, the histological changes described by Noyes et al. are understood as classical
diagnostic approaches. However, evidence is accumulating that molecular deficits of
endometrial differentiation are by no means detectable histologically, and consequently
ask for the research on new diagnostic methods and parameters. There are histochemical
localizations of specific
protein molecules, adhesion molecules and cytokines, which permit by far more detailled
and significant molecular analyses than any classical morphological means could yield.
Moreover, there are convincing arguments to use further biochemical assessments on
proteins of the uterine secretions as specific diagnostic parameters. The electrophoretical
resolution presents typical protein patterns, which in turn can be interpreted as
characteristic reflexions of the functional phases of the endometrial cycle. What
is demonstrated as the so-called adequate luteal phase protein pattern clearly is the product of the receptive endometrium, reflecting the “implantation
window”. This is established already two days after ovulation and persists usually
eight further days, if the endometrial cycle is undisturbed (15th to 24th day of the
cycle).
Schlüsselwörter
Endometrium - Implantation der Blastozyste - Uterussekretproteine - Uteroglobin -
Zytokine - Leptin/Leptinrezeptor
Key words
Endometrium - Implantation of the blastocyst - Uterussekretproteine - Uteroglobin
- Cytokines - Leptin/Leptinreceptor
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Prof. Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Henning M. Beier
Institut für Anatomie und Reproduktionsbiologie
Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen
Wendlingweg 2
D-52057 Aachen